What is Classed as Dangerous Goods?

In international shipping, not all cargo can be treated the same. Certain products are classified as dangerous goods, meaning they pose a risk to health, safety, property, or the environment during transport. For freight forwarders, understanding what qualifies as dangerous goods is essential to ensure compliance, avoid penalties, and protect supply chains.

Defining Dangerous Goods

Dangerous goods are substances or items that are hazardous in nature and require special handling when transported. These goods are regulated by international guidelines such as the International Air Transport Association (IATA) for air freight and the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code for sea freight.

The classification is not limited to chemicals or flammable liquids. Everyday products can also fall into this category, depending on their composition and intended use.

Examples of Dangerous Goods

Dangerous goods are divided into nine hazard classes:

1. Explosives – fireworks, ammunition, flares

2. Gases – compressed oxygen, aerosols, butane

3. Flammable liquids – paints, solvents, petrol

4. Flammable solids – matches, metal powders, self-heating substances

5. Oxidising substances and organic peroxides – fertilisers, bleaching agents

6. Toxic and infectious substances – medical samples, pesticides

7. Radioactive materials – medical isotopes, nuclear substances

8. Corrosives – batteries, strong acids, cleaning agents

9. Miscellaneous dangerous substances – dry ice, lithium batteries, magnetised materials

For freight forwarders, being able to identify these categories is critical. Misclassification can lead to fines, rejected shipments, and serious safety risks.

Why the MSDS is so Important

The Manufacturer Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), now more commonly referred to as a Safety Data Sheet (SDS), plays a central role in shipping dangerous goods. This document provides detailed information on the product, including:

• The chemical composition and properties of the substance

• Hazard identification and classification

• Handling and storage requirements

• First-aid measures and fire-fighting guidance

• Transport and regulatory information

For freight forwarders, the MSDS is the starting point for determining whether a product is classed as dangerous goods. It guides the correct packaging, labelling, and documentation required for safe transport. Without it, shipments may be delayed or refused at checkpoints, resulting in extra costs and disruption.

The Role of Freight Forwarders

Freight forwarders act as intermediaries between shippers and carriers. When handling dangerous goods, their role includes:

• Reviewing the MSDS to confirm classification

• Advising clients on packaging and labelling requirements

• Ensuring compliance with IATA, IMDG, and local regulations

• Coordinating with carriers experienced in handling hazardous cargo

• Preparing the Dangerous Goods Declaration (DGD) when required

By managing these responsibilities, freight forwarders reduce the risk of accidents, regulatory breaches, and costly delays.

Conclusion

Dangerous goods include a wide range of substances, from flammable liquids to lithium batteries. Understanding what falls under this category is essential for safe and compliant international shipping. The MSDS is a vital tool that ensures products are identified correctly and handled safely throughout the supply chain. For us here at AOG Worldwide Ltd, this knowledge not only prevents disruption but also builds trust with our clients who rely on our expertise to move goods securely across borders.